Properties

Atomic number

73

Atomic mass

180.95

Melting point

2 996 °C / 3 269 K

Boiling point

6 100 °C / 6 373 K

Atomic volume

1.80 ·  10-29 [m3]

Vapor pressure

at 1 800 °C

5 · 10-8 [Pa]

at 2 200 °C

7 · 10-5 [Pa]

Density at 20 °C

16.60 [g/cm3]

Crystal structure

body-centred cubic

Lattice constant

3.303 · 10-10 [m]

Hardness at 20 °C

deformed

120 - 220 [HV10]

recrystallized

80 - 125 [HV10]

Modulus of elasticity 20 °C

186 [GPa]

Poisson number

0.35

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion at 20 °C

6.4 · 10-6 [m/(m·K)]

Thermal conductivity at 20 °C

54 [W/(m·K)]

Specific heat at 20 °C

0.14 [J/(g·K)]

Electrical conductivity at 20 °C

8 · 10-6 [1/(Ω·m)]

Specific electrical resistance at 20 °C

0.13 [(Ω·mm2)/m]

Sound speed at 20 °C

Longitudinal wave

4 100 [m/s]

Transverse wave

2 900 [m/s]

Electron work function

4.3 [eV]

Capture cross-section for thermal neutrons

2.13 · 10-27 [m2]

Recrystallization temperature (annealing time: 1 hour)

900 - 1 450 °C

Superconductive (transition temperature)

< -268.65 °C / < 4.5 K